Art. 12 of the Revised Penal Code of the Philippines states, among others, that:
-Children
younger than 9 years old are
absolutely exempt from criminal liability
-Children
9 years old and above but not older than 15 are also exempt
provided that they did not act with discernment. Meaning
if the child performed his part of the crime knowing it was wrong, he is not exempted and he may be taken under custody
However,
RA 9344 (authored by Kiko Pangilinan, as mentioned by ongkal earlier) amended this portion of the RPC as follows:
-If crime is committed by a kid
15 years old or under, he is
absolutely immune from crim. liability
-If crime is committed by a kid by a kid
above 15 but not older than 18, he is still
exempted unless he acted with discernment
(In relation also, Art. 14 of the RPC provides that the commission of a crime with the aid of a minor under 15 years of age is an aggravating circumstance, meaning it will raise the degree of liability of the offender.)
I came across a blog entry by a Cebuana lawyer that I want to share with you so you can better understand how such law came about. I share her sentiment. Whether this amendment was a good move or not cannot really be answered as of yet, especially given this development where criminals now use children as tools in the furtherance of their criminal activities. But the more critical thing to be considered is really
discernment. Sen. Pangilinan's rationale as to why he had RA 9344 passed was that recent studies have shown that the human brain does not really fully develop until we reach 25 years old. This study has supposedly been accepted widely in America, and they now ban the execution of murderers who committed the crime when they were in their teens. I understand that we should be open to change and learn to adapt, but nonetheless I still believe that something should be done to prevent the wily criminal ringleaders from using the immunity and absolute exemption of children in their nefarious schemes.
Here's the link of the blog. Try reading it so we can be more aware about the governing laws in our country.
My Apologies to Sen. Pangilinan and to RA 9344 Eyespeak's Blog