Evolution is now A FACT OF LIFE

[brownprose]

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bro pwede i explain bro kung giunsa pag evolve sa usa ka specie into another kind of specie?

i think i amply explained the process of evolution in one of the threads sa una. but then the currently accepted explanation is Adaptation, Genetic drift, Gene flow, Mutation, Natural selection then Speciation.

Just to make it more simple. Naay gigamit nga mga examples of evolution by simply observing the new strains of bacteria that are resistant to the antibiotics like Streptococcus pneumoniae. S. pneumoniae was once treatable with penicillin but have evolved by natural selection thru random mutation or what is called in pathology "a result of horizontal gene transfer" (acquired from the parent or original strain) and also of unlinked point mutations in the pathogen genome (from out of constant exposure to the drug). Simply put, the new strains are variations from the original -- and could well be classified as a new specie in many sense.

[Pein]

sorry bro, mu-exit sa ko, kay magtiwas pa jud ko sa akong pagtuon dre.. ganahan ko muexplain kay it helps me review what i'm studying.. pero usik na sa panahon gud.. dili ikaw gabayad sa akong tuition dre.. peace!

pagtuon lng ug genetics bro.. makasabot ra ka.. taas jud kaayo ang explanation ana.. basta, ako ra na gisummarize na naa similarities sa structural conformation sa DNA and RNA, and they are trying to simulate mutations na gi-unsa pagtransform sa RNA to DNA thru induced environmental conditions..

out sa ko bro.. nice debate though.. thank you for your time mr. pein..

naa man juy similarity sa genetic code ang tanang lifeforms bro.




http://www.evolutionhoax.com/Evidenc...nking_%202.pdf

ang dakong pangutana bro, giunsa man pag evolve sa DNA? asa raman ang experimentation nga mupakita kung giunsa pag evolve sa DNA?

[bluedes]

naa man juy similarity sa genetic code ang tanang lifeforms bro.




http://www.evolutionhoax.com/Evidenc...nking_%202.pdf

ang dakong pangutana bro, giunsa man pag evolve sa DNA? asa raman ang experimentation nga mupakita kung giunsa pag evolve sa DNA?

bro, you're stating the obvious.. comparing DNA to DNA is not the issue here.. comparing DNA to RNA.. they are very similar in their chemical conformation.. look that up.. dili na nimo mabasa ana imong evolution hoax website kay wala na diha gidiscuss nila.. study ug molecular bio and genetics para ma-informed ka..

[brownprose]

so giunsa man pag evolve sa DNA from RNA? giunsa man pag evolve sa usa ka specie into another kind of specie? naay scientific method kang maipakita diri ana? or just observation...

Scientific method pien doesn't always have to mean that it should be "always in the lab" or controlled environment. Scientific method is also thru observation (like what is done in Astonomy, Physics and its sub disciplines like Quantum Mechanics), mathematics and corroboration of evidence.

But just to satisfy your curiousity, there is what is called in science as directed evolution. Meaning a specie can be modified by way of protein engineering. If you have time visit GENEART - Excellence in DNA Engineering and Processing: Gene Synthesis, Directed Evolution, Plasmid Services https://www.dna20.com/index.php?pageID=65; Schwaneberg Group Homepage

[Pein]

i think i amply explained the process of evolution in one of the threads sa una. but then the currently accepted explanation is Adaptation, Genetic drift, Gene flow, Mutation, Natural selection then Speciation.

Just to make it more simple. Naay gigamit nga mga examples of evolution by simply observing the new strains of bacteria that are resistant to the antibiotics like Streptococcus pneumoniae. S. pneumoniae was once treatable with penicillin but have evolved by natural selection thru random mutation or what is called in pathology "a result of horizontal gene transfer" (acquired from the parent or original strain) and also of unlinked point mutations in the pathogen genome (from out of constant exposure to the drug). Simply put, the new strains are variations from the original -- and could well be classified as a new specie in many sense.

murag nakabasa ko aning imong giingon bro dah...




http://www.evolutionhoax.com/Evidenc...nking_%202.pdf

[amingb]

A(h1n1) and AIDS a new strain evolve .... walay lalis its evolution ...

[Pein]

bro, you're stating the obvious.. comparing DNA to DNA is not the issue here.. comparing DNA to RNA.. they are very similar in their chemical conformation.. look that up.. dili na nimo mabasa ana imong evolution hoax website kay wala na diha gidiscuss nila.. study ug molecular bio and genetics para ma-informed ka..

giunsa lagi pag evolve sa usa ka specie into another kind of specie? for example sa fish becomes tetrapods, giunsa mana pag evolve?

[bluedes]

@pein

here is one of the many experiments on evolution of DNA from RNA being conducted..

for your own purposes..

click on this link --> ScienceDirect - Biophysical Chemistry : Machines for automated evolution experiments in vitro based on the serial-transfer concept

another is this http://www.dna.caltech.edu/courses/c...891%296093.pdf


or read the abstract below
~~~

Copyright © 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

Machines for automated evolution experiments in vitro based on the serial-transfer concept
Günther Strunk and Tobias Ederhof
Max-Planck-Institute für biophysikalische Chemie, Evolutionsgruppe, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany


Received 24 April 1997;
accepted 24 April 1997. ;
Available online 7 April 1998.

Abstract

Two machine setups for automated evolution experiments in vitro are described. Both machines enable the monitoring of growing populations of RNA or DNA molecules in real time using high-sensitivity glass fiber laser fluorimeters and an automated sample handling facility for volumes in the microliter range. Growth conditions are kept constant by means of the serial-transfer technique, that is, the successive transfer of a small fraction of a growing population into a fresh solution containing no individuals prior to the transfer. The serial transfer technique was modified to work with large populations and constant growth conditions. In the single-channel evolution machine isothermal amplification reactions (Qβ-system, 3SR, NASBA, SDA) are monitored successively in single test tubes. This machine is particularly well suited for the investigation of optimal adaptation to altered environmental conditions, as is experimentally demonstrated in the evolution of an RNA quasispecies using ribonuclease A as the selection pressure. The new variant of RNA appeared very rapidly (within approximately 80 generations) without stable intermediates, and it was selected by steadily increasing the RNaseA concentration during the serial-transfer experiment.
The other machine, which is described in the second part of this article, is a consequent extension of the single-channel machine, and was designed to allow the multichannel detection of up to 960 samples simultaneously. Thus, high-throughput screening can be applied to evolution experiments. In addition to monitoring isothermal amplification reactions, it is also possible to follow PCR amplifications through thin plastic foils. Initial experiments have demonstrated the suitability of the apparatus for uniformly processing samples and for performing thermocycling.

Author Keywords: serial-transfer experiment; Qβ-replicase; self-replicating systems; on-line detection; selection pressure; RNase A

References

[1]. International Workshop (April 18 to 20, 1991) Selection —Natural And Unnatural— In Biotechnology. At the Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg, W-3400 Göttingen, FRG.
[2]. S. Spiegelman, I. Haruna, I.B. Holland, G. Beaudreau and D. Mills. In: (4th ed.),Proc. Natl. Acad. Sc USA 54 (1965), p. 919. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (15)
[3]. D.R. Mills, R.E. Peterson and S. Spiegelman. In: (4th ed.),Proc. Natl. Acad. Sc. USA 58 (1967), p. 217. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (100)
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[brownprose]

murag nakabasa ko aning imong giingon bro dah...




http://www.evolutionhoax.com/Evidenc...nking_%202.pdf

General man kaayo na nga mga statements pien. Do you have specific questions?

[Pein]

A(h1n1) and AIDS a new strain evolve .... walay lalis its evolution ...

mutations do occur. walay lalis ana bro. ang dakong pangutana, giunsa pag pag evolve sa usa ka specie into another kind of specie? for example ang usa ka invertibrate nahimong vertibrate, giunsa mana pag evolve bro?