History
The Philippine nuclear program started in 1958 with the creation of the
Philippine Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) under Republic Act 2067.
[1]
Under a regime of martial law, Philippine President
Ferdinand Marcos in July 1973 announced the decision to build a nuclear power plant.
[1] This was in response to the
1973 oil crisis, as the Middle East oil embargo had put a heavy strain on the Philippine economy, and Marcos believed nuclear power to be the solution to meeting the country's energy demands and decreasing dependence on imported oil.
[2]
Construction on the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant began in 1976. Following the 1979
Three Mile Island accident in the
United States, construction on the BNPP was stopped, and a subsequent safety inquiry into the plant revealed over 4,000 defects.
[1] Among the issues raised was that it was built near major earthquake fault lines and close to the then dormant Pinatubo volcano.
[2]
By 1984, when the BNPP was nearly complete, its cost had reached $2.3 billion.
[2] A
Westinghouse light water reactor, it was designed to produce 621 megawatts of electricity.
[2]
Marcos was overthrown by the
People Power Revolution in 1986. Days after the April 1986
Chernobyl disaster, the succeeding administration of President
Corazon Aquino decided not to operate the plant.
[1][3] Among other considerations taken were the strong opposition from Bataan residents and Philippine citizens.
[1][3]
The government sued Westinghouse for overpricing and bribery but was ultimately rejected by a United States court.
[4]
Debt repayment on the plant became the country's biggest single obligation, and while successive governments have looked at several proposals to convert the plant into an oil, coal, or gas-fired power station, but all have been deemed less economically attractive in the long term than the construction of new power stations.
[2]