The GSDP Loan
The Aquino Administration formulated in 1986 the GSDP to address food security problem and to improve
the country’s performance in the rice and grains sector. In 1991, the government began negotiating with
the ADB for GSDP loans due to relatively low rice productivity, which resulted in the rapid rising of the
consumer rice prices and difficulties faced by the NFA in stabilizing the prices. Negotiations, however, for
the said GDSP loans were done for many years.
In 1995, upon the Philippine accession to the WTO, the economy, particularly the agriculture sector, had
embarked on increasing global integration and exposure to foreign competition with the expectation that
trade liberalization will benefit the agriculture sector and economy as a whole. It was during this period
when the ADB approved Project Preparatory Technical Assistance to prepare a comprehensive policy
and institutional reform program for the rice and grains sector. The PPTA commenced on June 2 1997
and completed in 1998.
Basing from the recommendations of the PPTA, the agreement between the government and ADB was
reached and took effect in year 2000 under the presidency of Joseph Estrada and Agriculture Secretary
Edgardo Angara.
The GSDP is an integrated package of policy and institutional reforms, sectoral investments and advisory
TAs aimed at making the rice and grains sector more productive and internationally competitive in
meeting the country’s food security objectives. The GSDP consisted of two (2) loans – GSDP Policy Loan
for $ 100 million and the GSDP Investment Loan for $ 75 million.
The GSDP objectives were consistent with the MTPDP and AFMA of 1997, which were generally
intended to create a business environment that would attract private sector investments at all levels of the
grains production and marketing chain, and thus contribute to food security.
The GSDP Policy Loan sought to redefine the role of the state-owned NFA, liberalize grain trading and
encourage greater private investment in the sector. It was intended to change the fundamentals of grain
sector performance – procurement pricing, import liberalization, private sector participation in importation,
and grains markets regulation.
Specifically, there were major reform areas where actions were required from the government before the
three loan tranches will be released. These release conditions include – adherence to the stipulated
formula for setting the farm gate prices and maintained compliance with all international trade agreements
on corn-tariff reduction; size of the strategic rice buffer stock and levels at which NFA prices were to be
set; maximum import tariff levels, and minimum budget allocations, including passage of bills in Congress
restructuring the NFA, including the changing of the status quo in rice and grains trading, among others.
The GSDP Investment Loan on the other hand was intended to finance investments in irrigation,
advanced rice and corn production technology, and improved capacity in policy and planning.
Cartel Resistance and Loan Cancellation
In 2003, the Arroyo government requested the ADB to cancel the US$ 70 million of the policy loan due to
its non-compliance of the desired timeframe of implementation. Recognizing that the investment loan was