There are some data suggesting various correlations between blood type and disease. Blood type O is associated with better resistance to malaria, cholera, and HIV, though it is also associated with greater susceptibility to e. coli O157 and h. pylori. We don't have a very complete understanding of how all these factors come into play, since we've also found that type A makes you more susceptible to smallpox as well as gastric cancer.
for further reading:
The relationship between blood groups and disease